Everything Parents Should Know About Children’s Braces

When To Start

“Children can start wearing braces as early as seven years old if it’s needed, but most often, I see those between 10-14 coming in for their treatment. This is when most permanent teeth have come through. There is no upper age limit for getting braces. If you’re unsure whether your child needs one, it comes down to whether crooked teeth need correcting or if there is an overbite or underbite. However, some may need or want braces to improve appearance, function, gaps and crowding. It’s also worth noting that braces are often required for children who suck their thumb past the age of five.” – Dr Rhona Eskander, cosmetic dentist 

The Options

“There are several types of braces available now and each differs depending on the various orthodontic needs. It’s why a thorough assessment is key. A general breakdown is:

INTERCEPTIVE ORTHODONTICS: This involves early intervention treatments aimed at guiding the development of the teeth and jaws to prevent more severe problems later. These treatments include space maintainers to hold space for permanent teeth if baby teeth are lost prematurely, palatal expanders to widen the upper jaw and create more space for teeth alignment, and the Carriere Motion Appliance which is an orthodontic appliance used to correct the position of the lower jaw (profile), before fixed or removable braces are used to straighten the teeth. These preparatory steps can simplify and shorten subsequent orthodontic treatments like braces or aligners. 

FIXED BRACES: Traditional metal braces are effective for correcting complex issues such as severe overcrowding, major bite discrepancies, and significant misalignments. They offer precise control over tooth movement but are quite visible and require careful maintenance. 

CERAMIC BRACES: These function similarly to metal braces but use clear or tooth-coloured brackets to make them less noticeable. They offer a more aesthetic option for those concerned about the visibility of traditional braces. 

INVISALIGN: This system uses a series of clear, removable aligners to gradually move teeth into their desired positions. Invisalign is popular for its near-invisibility and the convenience of being able to remove the aligners for eating and cleaning. It is effective for a range of alignment issues, though it may not be suitable for the most severe cases. 

LINGUAL BRACES: These braces are placed on the inside surface of the teeth, making them invisible from the outside. They work like traditional braces but are hidden from view, ideal for those who want a discreet treatment option.” – Dr Amina, specialist orthodontist at Glow Dental 

Duration

“Everyone differs and the duration of wear depends on the complexity of the dental issues your child may have. Typically, you can expect them to wear their brace from between one to three years. This is because it takes time for braces to straighten teeth with continuous pressure. Brackets, wires and bands are all needed and work together to shift teeth. Regular adjustments will be required along the way too as this helps align with your child’s treatment plan. It’s important they follow and adhere to their orthodontist’s instructions too – this will help keep things moving to the desired timeframe.” – Dr Emma Cunningham, advanced aesthetics specialist & cosmetic dental surgeon

Limitations

“It sounds obvious, but sometimes people think braces will fix and address all dental issues. While they help with plenty, they don’t address all types of dental concerns. Some problems may require further surgery or other orthodontic appliances – for instance, if the jaw is misaligned. Seeking out an orthodontist early on for their advice will help your child get a comprehensive plan that’s tailored to their needs.” – Dr Amina

Book A Dental Check-Up First

“To prepare your child for braces, start by scheduling a dental check-up to address existing issues – like fillings or any gum concerns. Before the appointment, make sure your child maintains good oral hygiene by brushing and flossing thoroughly to ensure their teeth are clean for inspection. I always recommend clients see a dental hygienist before braces are put on. Not only does this help them adhere to teeth well, but it also helps to ensure your oral health is in its prime before you begin treatment.” – Dr Amina

Prepare For The Process

“Once your child is ready to proceed with braces, the orthodontist will clean and dry teeth, apply bonding glue and attach brackets to each tooth – this is for fixed braces. Archwires are then threaded through the brackets and secured with elastic bands. The whole process will take roughly an hour and it isn’t painful, your child at the most will feel a pressure. It’s worth noting that braces will need adjusting every four to eight weeks. If opting for Invisalign (clear trays), the orthodontist will take digital scans or moulds of teeth to create a series of custom aligners for your child. These are worn over the teeth and changed approximately every two weeks to gradually move them into alignment.” – Dr Rhona

Keep An Eye On What They Eat 

“With braces, it’s important your child avoids sticky sweets, hard foods or anything too crunchy – tortilla crisps are a no-go, as are hard bread crusts. Instead, encourage them to opt for softer foods like pasta, soft fruit and cut-up vegetables to prevent damaging the braces. It sounds obvious, but plenty of water is key too, as is the avoidance of sugary or acidic snacks to prevent build-up on your teeth throughout treatment. Braces make it easier for things to get trapped, so it’s important your child follows a good routine and brushes thoroughly after meals and before bed. I recommend using special flossing tools too, which your orthodontist will share. Using a 45-degree angle is key when flossing and brushing to clean around brackets and wires.” – Dr Amina

Manage Pain At Home 

“Braces will cause a slight pressure in the mouth. Over-the-counter pain relievers will help to alleviate any discomfort. Using orthodontic wax is also key – this helps smooth edges of brackets and wires to reduce irritation and rubbing. Always ask for a decent amount of this before you leave your appointment, so your child doesn’t run out. If a bracket or wire breaks, contact your orthodontist immediately to prevent any pain in the mouth. The wax I’ve mentioned will help in the interim until you can get help.” – Dr Emma 

Highlight The Positives

“Braces can cause anxiety in younger patients – especially the fixed ones because of their appearance. Firstly, discuss with your child how they are taking a positive step towards a healthier, more aligned smile that they will be proud of in the future. Normalise the experience and let them know that most teens and kids will need braces to improve their teeth – it’s now a common part of growing up. It’s worth encouraging patience too – remind them everything is temporary, and that discomfort will improve in time.” – Dr Amina

Don’t Forget The Various Options

“Everything has come a long way now and while braces are visible, options like ceramic braces (which are clearer) and clear aligners are less conspicuous. Encourage your teen or child to realise there are options, some of which can be far more discreet than what they’re envisaging. On the flip side, you can also opt for colourful brackets and bands – there are plenty of options and sharing your goals and concerns with your orthodontist will help your child receive the treatment you’re after. Generally, it’s comforting to know that everyone adapts quite quickly.” – Dr Rhona

Monitor Any Accidents

“If your teenager or child has accidents while wearing the braces, immediately check for any injuries to the mouth, teeth or braces. Rinse their mouth with cold water and apply a cold compress to reduce swelling. Contact your orthodontist for guidance or to schedule an emergency appointment if it’s needed. We can assess any damage to the braces and the mouth as well.” – Dr Emma 

Be Aware Of Risks & Complications

“Like any treatment, braces come with some risks and potential complications. This includes an increased risk of tooth decay and gum disease. But this is only amplified if your child’s oral hygiene isn’t maintained properly – it’s why it’s essential to clean around the brackets and wires. Another complication is that brackets can cause temporary discomfort or irritation to the lips and mouth as everything adjusts. In rare cases, there may be issues like root resorption – this is where the roots of teeth shorten slightly. It’s important for your child to follow all instructions carefully and to attend every appointment – this alone will reduce the above risks and ensure a successful treatment.” – Dr Amina

Know What Is & Isn’t An Emergency

“What a patient thinks might be an emergency can sometimes be treated at home. Always assess the situation first – check the braces and mouth for any obvious issues like loose brackets, broken wires or irritation to the gums. We’ve mentioned it before, but if it’s simply discomfort, use wax to cover sharp edges and if it’s a loose bracket, do the same, then book an appointment to avoid any shifting. A lot of it comes down to common sense.” – Dr Amina

“The cost of braces varies depending on who you see, but also the treatment you opt for. Typically, traditional metal braces range from £2,000-£5,000, while ceramic braces range from £3,000-£6,000. As for clear aligners, these are similar to metal braces in terms of cost. Most orthodontists offer payment plans now to make braces more affordable. This is something you can enquire about during your child’s consultation, but there are always options and ways to make it work.” – Dr Rhona

Never Neglect The Retainer

“After the braces are removed, teeth will be cleaned and impressions will be taken for a retainer. You’ll also get an examination to ensure teeth and gums are healthy and then advice as to what to do if there are any issues. The importance of wearing the retainer continually should be stressed – as should a healthy diet to support your child’s overall dental health going forward.” – Dr Emma 

“Teeth are prone to shifting over time, even after orthodontic treatment, so wearing a retainer regularly is essential. There are two types to note. Firstly, the bonded retainer which are thin wires which attach to the back of the front teeth using dental cement. Bonded retainers are typically placed on the upper and lower front six teeth. They are designed to be permanent and aren’t removable. This option is best for those who’s teeth are prone to shifts and your dentist will be able to advise you on this. As for removable retainers, these are custom-made and can be taken out, like Invisalign, when you want to eat and brush your teeth. Typically, they are made of plastic and metal and they fit over the teeth. Often these will be given to your child alongside the bonded retainer to prevent any relapse – especially in the early years of brace removal.” – Dr Amina

Visit GlowDental.co.uk, DrRhonaEskander.com & Dr-Emma.co.uk